What is VDE-AR-N 4105 and why do you need it?
If you are a manufacturer, installer, or operator of power generating plants connected to the low-voltage grid in Germany, you need to comply with the technical connection rules (TCR) specified by the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule. This rule defines the minimum requirements for the connection and parallel operation of power generating plants with the low-voltage distribution network, such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, fuel cells, and energy storage units.
The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule was revised in 2018 to reflect the technological innovations and the European network code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG). The new version of the rule imposes more stringent requirements on distributed power generating plants to ensure their grid-supporting properties and system stability. The rule also covers, for the first time, requirements on accumulators that behave like power generating plants in the discharging process.
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In this article, we will give you an overview of the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule, its main innovations and benefits, its requirements and certification process, and how to download it as a PDF file.
Overview of VDE-AR-N 4105
The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule is published by the Forum Network Technology/Network Operation in the VDE (VDE FNN), which is a technical-scientific association that develops standards and guidelines for the German power grid. The rule is part of a series of technical connection rules for different voltage levels, such as VDE-AR-N 4100 for low-voltage, VDE-AR-N 4110 for medium-voltage, VDE-AR-N 4120 for high-voltage, and VDE-AR-N 4130 for extra high-voltage.
The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule applies to power generating plants that are connected to the low-voltage grid, which is typically between 230V and 400V. These include:
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Photovoltaic systems
Wind turbines
Fuel cells
Combined heat and power plants (CHP)
Hydroelectric power plants
Energy storage units
The rule specifies the technical minimum requirements for these power generating plants, such as:
Electrical characteristics and parameters
Protection functions and settings
Grid-supporting capabilities
Communication interfaces and protocols
Documentation and data sheets
Testing and certification procedures
Main innovations and benefits of VDE-AR-N 4105
The revised version of the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule introduces several technological innovations that aim to improve the integration of future generation capacity using new grid-supporting properties. Some of the key innovations are:
Dynamic network support: In future, new power generating plants will have to remain on grid during short voltage drops or increases thus supporting it. This will prevent unwanted generation capacity shutdown and risking grid stability.
Reactive power control: In future, new power generating plants will have to feed in reactive power depending on voltage (Q(U) control) to help regulate the voltage level in the grid. This can allow more power generating plants to be integrated in an existing grid depending on local circumstances.
Active-power output at underfrequency: In future, new power generating plants and accumulators will have to feed in more active power when the frequency drops below a certain threshold (LFSM-U capability) to help balance the power demand and supply in the grid. This can prevent frequency deviations and blackouts.
Accumulator requirements: In future, new accumulators that behave like power generating plants in the discharging process will have to comply with the same requirements as power generating plants. This will ensure that accumulators contribute to grid stability and security.
The main benefits of the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule are:
Harmonization with European standards: The rule is aligned with the European network code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG), which sets out the technical requirements for power generating plants connected to all voltage levels in Europe. This will facilitate the cross-border trade and integration of electricity from renewable sources.
Flexibility and scalability: The rule allows for different types of power generating plants and accumulators to be connected to the low-voltage grid, depending on their size, technology, and location. The rule also provides options for adapting the requirements to specific grid conditions and situations.
Innovation and competitiveness: The rule encourages the development and deployment of new technologies and solutions that can enhance the grid-supporting capabilities of power generating plants and accumulators. The rule also creates a level playing field for all market participants and fosters competition and innovation.
Requirements and certification of VDE-AR-N 4105
The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule defines four categories of power generating plants according to their rated power, as shown in the table below:
Category Rated power Example A up to 1.5 kW small photovoltaic systems B up to 13.8 kW medium photovoltaic systems C up to 135 kW large photovoltaic systems D above 135 kW wind turbines The requirements for each category vary depending on the technical characteristics and parameters of the power generating plants, such as voltage, frequency, power factor, reactive power, protection functions, communication interfaces, etc. The rule also specifies different testing and certification procedures for each category, as follows:
Category A: The power generating plants have to comply with the DIN EN 62116 standard (Test procedure of islanding prevention measures for utility-interconnected photovoltaic inverters) and the DIN EN 50438 standard (Requirements for micro-generating plants to be connected in parallel with public low-voltage distribution networks). The power generating plants have to be certified by a manufacturer's declaration or a type examination certificate issued by a recognized testing laboratory.
Category B: The power generating plants have to comply with the DIN EN 62116 standard and the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule. The power generating plants have to be certified by a type examination certificate issued by a recognized testing laboratory.
Category C: The power generating plants have to comply with the DIN EN 62116 standard, the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule, and the VDE-AR-N 4110 application rule (Technical connection rules for medium-voltage). The power generating plants have to be certified by a type examination certificate issued by a recognized testing laboratory and a unit certificate issued by an accredited certification body.
Category D: The power generating plants have to comply with the DIN EN 62116 standard, the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule, the VDE-AR-N 4110 application rule, and the European network code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG). The power generating plants have to be certified by a type examination certificate issued by a recognized testing laboratory, a unit certificate issued by an accredited certification body, and a compliance verification report issued by an independent expert.
How to download VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF
If you want to download the VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF file, you have two options: you can either purchase it from the official sources or you can try to find it from alternative sources. However, we recommend that you always use the official sources to ensure that you get the latest and most accurate version of the rule.
Official sources of VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF
The official sources of VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF are:
VDE Verlag: This is the publishing house of the VDE Association. You can purchase the PDF file from their online shop for 199.00 (plus VAT). You can also order a printed version for 199.00 (plus VAT) or a combination of both for 298.50 (plus VAT). You can access the online shop here: [VDE Verlag Online Shop].
VDE FNN: This is the technical-scientific association that develops the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule. You can purchase the PDF file from their online shop for 199.00 (plus VAT). You can also order a printed version for 199.00 (plus VAT) or a combination of both for 298.50 (plus VAT). You can access the online shop here: [VDE FNN Online Shop].
Beuth Verlag: This is a publishing house that specializes in standards and technical rules. You can purchase the PDF file from their online shop for 199.00 (plus VAT). You can also order a printed version for 199.00 (plus VAT) or a combination of both for 298.50 (plus VAT). You can access the online shop here: [Beuth Verlag Online Shop].
Alternative sources of VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF
If you don't want to pay for the VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF file, you might be tempted to look for alternative sources that offer it for free or at a lower price. However, we advise you to be careful and cautious when using these sources, as they might not be reliable, legal, or safe. Some of the risks and drawbacks of using alternative sources are:
Outdated or inaccurate information: The alternative sources might not have the latest or most accurate version of the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule, which could lead to errors, misunderstandings, or non-compliance issues.
Infringement of intellectual property rights: The alternative sources might not have the permission or license to distribute the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule, which could violate the intellectual property rights of the VDE Association and its partners.
Malware or viruses: The alternative sources might contain malicious software or viruses that could harm your device or compromise your data.
Therefore, we recommend that you always use the official sources of VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF to ensure that you get the best quality and value for your money.
Conclusion
The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule is an important technical standard that regulates the connection and operation of power generating plants and accumulators in the low-voltage grid in Germany. The rule was revised in 2018 to reflect the technological innovations and the European network code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG). The rule introduces new grid-supporting capabilities and requirements for distributed power generating plants and accumulators to ensure their system stability and security.
If you want to download the VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF file, you have two options: you can either purchase it from the official sources or you can try to find it from alternative sources. However, we recommend that you always use the official sources to ensure that you get the latest and most accurate version of the rule.
Summary of the main points
The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule defines the technical minimum requirements for power generating plants connected to the low-voltage grid in Germany.
The rule was revised in 2018 to introduce new grid-supporting capabilities and requirements for distributed power generating plants and accumulators.
The rule is aligned with the European network code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG) and provides flexibility and scalability for different types of power generating plants and accumulators.
The rule specifies four categories of power generating plants according to their rated power and different testing and certification procedures for each category.
The rule can be purchased as a PDF file from three official sources: VDE Verlag, VDE FNN, and Beuth Verlag.
The alternative sources of VDE-AR-N 4105 PDF might not be reliable, legal, or safe.
FAQs
What is the difference between VDE-AR-N 4105 and DIN EN 50438?
VDE-AR-N 4105 is a German application rule that applies to power generating plants connected to the low-voltage grid in Germany. DIN EN 50438 is a European standard that applies to micro-generating plants connected to public low-voltage distribution networks in Europe. The VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule is more comprehensive and specific than DIN EN 50438 standard and covers more types and sizes of power generating plants. Therefore, power generating plants that comply with VDE-AR-N 4105 also comply with DIN EN 50438, but not vice versa.
What are the advantages of reactive power control?
Reactive power control is the ability of power generating plants to feed in or absorb reactive power depending on the voltage level in the grid. Reactive power is the power that does not contribute to the real power output, but is needed to maintain the voltage level and the power factor in the grid. By controlling the reactive power, power generating plants can help regulate the voltage level and avoid overvoltage or undervoltage problems. This can also allow more power generating plants to be connected to an existing grid without requiring additional grid reinforcement.
What is the difference between type examination certificate and unit certificate?
A type examination certificate is a document that certifies that a type of power generating plant complies with the technical requirements of the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule. A type examination certificate is issued by a recognized testing laboratory after conducting tests on a representative sample of the power generating plant. A unit certificate is a document that certifies that a specific unit of power generating plant complies with the technical requirements of the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule. A unit certificate is issued by an accredited certification body after conducting tests on the individual unit of the power generating plant.
How can I find a recognized testing laboratory or an accredited certification body?
You can find a list of recognized testing laboratories and accredited certification bodies on the website of the VDE FNN. You can access the website here: [VDE FNN Website]. You can also contact the VDE FNN directly for more information.
How can I update my existing power generating plant to comply with the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule?
If you have an existing power generating plant that was installed before the VDE-AR-N 4105 application rule came into effect, you might need to update it to comply with the new requirements. The update process depends on the type, size, and age of your power generating plant, as well as the local grid conditions and regulations. You should contact your grid operator and your manufacturer or installer for more guidance on how to update your power generating plant.
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